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Scaled variables

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Hi,

I don't fully understand the meaning of "scaled variables", especially in relation to the solver settings. For example Comsol manual says:

"The absolute-tolerance parameters are used for time-dependent studies are very problem specific. By default, the absolute tolerance is applied to scaled variables, with the default value being 0.001 for all solution components.
The default scaling for the displacement components is based on the size of the geometry in the model, and certain reasonable scales are used for the pressure and contact force variables, if any. You are encouraged to change these scales as soon as better values are known or can be guessed or estimated from the applied forces, yield stress, reaction forces, maximum von Mises stress. The same suggestion applies to the displacement scale, which can be estimated easily if the problem is displacement controlled. This approach can significantly improve the robustness of the solution. The scales need to be entered using the main unit system within the model."

Can anyone give me a brief explanation of the above lines? I can't fully understand how the scaling works.

Best,

J

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